Friday, December 27, 2019

Terrorism and Evan Parker Philosophy - 1870 Words

Evan Parker Philosophy 101: Ethics What Is a Terrorist? â€Å"A terrorist is one who sows terror,† says Elshtain. She means that the victims of terrorist attacks are subjected to terror, or great fear. The purpose of subjecting a group of people to such fear varies but usually aims to destroy the morale of a people in its attempt at some religious, political, or ideological goal. Crucial features of inducing terror are its randomness and its attack on civilians as opposed to combatants. This elicits fear in every person because they are afraid for their personal safety in their day to day lives, as opposed to fearing only for our soldiers. To determine who is a terrorist, we must ask who they are attacking. Do they mainly target combatants in†¦show more content†¦We tell them to not to obey orders which conflict with the laws of war. Our military training films show the soldiers how to avoid loss of civilian lives and that we should certainly not say that it is God’s will to kill enemy civilians. There is a huge di fference in the training videos of Islamic radicals. One video acquired by a British newspaper, was reported to depict their â€Å"enemies being decapitated with knives after they are disarmed--something strictly forbidden by the laws of war,† says Elshtain. The video goes on to say that you must kill in the name of Allah and that you are then guaranteed to enter Paradise. It says that they should all fight the â€Å"sick unbelievers.† Newsweek journalist Francis Fukayama reported that these extremist groups celebrated September 11 because they think that the very basis of our society is corrupt. They hate us for our religious tolerance, believing that we should instead be â€Å"trying to serve religious truth.† Some argue that the issue is our foreign policy, but how can this be the case when they â€Å"hate us for what we are and what we represent and not for anything in particular that we have done,† argues Elshtain. There is no adequate response for t his. We cannot change the very foundation of our great country. These terrorists hate us so much that they commit themselves to â€Å"violence without limits,† Elshtain say emphatically. All we can do is fight backShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory: back to the future? Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first? Neo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organization theory? 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Thursday, December 19, 2019

Mommsens From Weimar to Auschwitz Essay - 719 Words

Hans Mommsen’s book, From Weimar to Auschwitz, presented an interesting look at Hitler within the Nazi Party. The overriding themes in the chapter â€Å"Hitler’s Position in the Nazi System† were the stubbornness and charisma of Hitler and the chaos within the Nazi Party. The weak leadership of Hitler along with the inability to concentrate power to one position helped lead the Third Reich to be a very frenzied and unorganized government. Throughout the span of Hitler’s rule, there was constant confusion within the Third Reich. Hitler’s government was not a monolithic government; instead, there were many different centers of power, including the different military branches and different ministries. The â€Å"administrative anarchy† led to constant†¦show more content†¦For Hitler, the communication gap and differences within the government deterred his followers from creating a solid opposition to his power. Mommsen stated, â€Å"The movement’s energies had to become totally absorbed in internal ‘disputes over areas of competency†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (171). Another advantage Hitler had when dealing with people was his charisma. He was â€Å"uniquely talented in being able to change the minds† of officials who started to doubt the Hitler’s wisdom. Hitler had a habit of tirelessly trying to convince nonbelievers by persuasion. His behavior had people feeling tha t he was determined and had a sense of purpose. Along with Goebbels as Propaganda Minister, Hitler had the â€Å"fate of the nation† in him and Germany had never seen a leader like him (165). Hitler had â€Å"come to symbolize the unity and substance of the nation† (167). When complaints arose about the party and the Nazi regime, Hitler was exempt from them and citizens thought that if he only knew what was happening, then he would change it. Hitler’s stubbornness kept him from getting the real view of the war. As the fighting continued, Hitler spent less time in public and more time in the bunker. He refused to look at any unpleasant information and was â€Å"increasingly out of touch with reality and unprepared to accept truths presented to him† (185). Hitler did not want to be bothered with the day-to-day activities of government and would refuse to get

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

America Impacts of World War free essay sample

The total number of casualties in WW1 which lasted only from 1914 to 1919 came to a terrifying height of 37,508,686 of that number only 323,018 belonged to the U. S. World war one had many effects on the United States including weapons advancement, change in the workforce and economy, and women’s rights. The first and one of the most important impacts of ww1 on America is the weapons advancement. Tanks were one of the many inventions that aided the battle in world war one. The tank was not invented by just one person unlike various other inventions in the past. The first tank was constructed in 1899 and boasted an engine by Daimler, a bullet-proof casing and armed with two revolving machine guns developed by Hiram Maxim. It was offered to the British army but was later dismissed as of little use and was deemed by Lord Kitchener as a â€Å"pretty mechanical toy†. Developments continued despite the harsh words used by Kitchener. We will write a custom essay sample on America Impacts of World War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Colonel Swinton reopened the designs and pushed the project and eventually convinced Winston Churchill to sponsor it. With luck, determination, and pressure the first combat ready tank rolled off the line a little over a year after the war officially started. The tank was given the nickname â€Å"little Willie† weighing in at 14 tons, bearing 12 foot long tracks, and a top speed of 3 miles per hour. The problem with the tank was that it could not cross the trenches and could only reach 2 miles per hour in the rough terrain of war. The conditions inside the tank were unbearable and temperatures could sky rocket. The fumes alone were enough to choke a man. Thanks to the great enthusiasm of Col. Swinton the tank was modified and aided in the victory of many battles making the tank a great weapon of world war one. Another invention that took place in WW1 was the machine gun. The first Machine gun in 1914 invented by Hiram Maxim weighed a whopping 45-60kg. It could fire 400-600 rounds per minute with ammunition that was fed through a fabric belt or a metal strip. However these early machine guns would rapidly overheat and become inoperative. They required a lot cooling down usually done in 2 methods, water cooling or air cooling. By the time war broke out in 1914 the German’s had their own version of the machine gun called the Maschinengewehr 08 and had already produced 12,000. They later modified Hiram Maxim’s model to weigh only 12kg and involved less overheating. Yet they could still not adapt it to be an offensive weapon and therefore was mostly used as a defensive weapon in trenches. Even though it was bulky and heavy it was a giant devastator and claimed many lives in world war one. Despite advances in machine gun, tank and grenade technology, all remained relatively unwieldy and cumbersome in comparison to the rifle, which remained the most crucial, ever-present infantry weapon throughout World War One. Designers took the Mauser action and altered it by replacing the single firing pin with a two-piece unit. While a broken pin could be more easily fixed, the modification caused the assembly to be somewhat weaker than the original. Too, the gun’s breeching setup owed more to the Krag than the Mauser, resulting in less case support and some gas control problems. It was also fitted with a magazine cutoff—an arrangement that was in vogue at the time but which proved to be pretty much of a fifth wheel. The cutoff prevented rounds (the gun held five) from being stripped off from the magazine and allowed it to be fired single shot, should the need ever arise. The gun that originally appeared in 1903 had a full-length walnut stock, blued barrel and other metal parts, case-hardened receiver and a sophisticated ladder sight. An unusual feature was an integral rod-style bayonet that harkened back to a similar design on the Model 1884 . 45-70 Trapdoor rifle. The 1903 Springfield was a very versatile weapon and was even used up until the Korean War. Another impact on America as a result of WW1 was the workforce and the economy. U. S. exports to Europe rose from $1 billion dollars in 1913 to $4 billion in 1917. Suppose that the United States had stayed out of the war, as a result all trade with Europe was cut off. Suppose further, that the resources that would have been used to produce exports for Europe were able to produce only half as much value when reallocated to other purposes such as producing goods for the domestic market or exports for non-European countries. The loss in 1917 would have been $2 billion per year. This was about 4 percent of GNP in 1917, and only about 6 percent of the total U. S. cost of the war. The economy was great. It had to keep growing in order to meet the ever growing standards of war. Not only was the economy doing well but just about all businesses. Women were finally fully introduced into the workforce and were taking over jobs only men had once done. Women would go off to work and to help with the war effort they would work in factories helping construct all the weapons and tools required to win. They would operate machinery and work in hot and unbearable conditions. Women for the first time legally served in the armed forces. Though women never saw combat they were utilized as nurses, telephone operators, and secretaries. Without women the war would have been increasingly difficult to win with the 4 million troops that were mobilized. When the men fighting the war came back they were surprised to see that their jobs had been filled and not only that but they were filled by women. For the men it was difficult to adjust back to a normal routine and to find a job. For a while the roles had been reversed. Not only were women able to get jobs during the war so were young adults. Since women had to step up and take care of work and the families the feeling for rights increased dramatically making them fight harder for it. By the beginning of the 20th century, the efforts of suffragists had begun to bear fruit. Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho had given women full suffrage rights and in many states women were allowed to vote in municipal and school board elections. A womens suffrage amendment was debated nationally for the first time in 1878, and Stanton, Anthony, and other suffragists used civil disobedience attempting to vote to gain attention for their cause. During the Progressive Era (1890-1920), women played more active roles in the larger economic, cultural, and political transformation of American society. This growth in womens public roles allowed suffragists to be more aggressive in support of their cause as they developed stronger bases of support in the settlement houses, temperance organizations, labor unions, and reform movements that now sprang up across the country. The National American Womens Suffrage Association, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, fought for suffrage using parades, street speakers, petitions, and rallies. Sixteen states, including New York, had given women the right to vote by 1917, but the U. S. Constitution was not amended to enfranchise women until after World War I. Alice Paul, a founder of the National Womans Party, led daily marches in front of the White House during the war, using President Woodrow Wilsons rhetoric of democracy and self-government to support the cause. As more and more states endorsed suffrage, so did their representatives in Congress. In 1918 Wilson reluctantly approved a constitutional change, and in 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment made womens suffrage the law of the land. World War one had many impacts on America and these were the most important and significant of them.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

The Social Issue and Ethical Values of Euthanasia free essay sample

A current event or contemporary social issue that involves ethical values would be the debate about Euthanasia and weather it is ethically right or wrong. â€Å"The term Euthanasia originated from the Greek word ‘good death’ (Dictionary). † It is the act or practice of ending the life of a person either by lethal injection or the suspension of medical treatment. There are three different types of Euthanasia, voluntary Euthanasia, involuntary Euthanasia, and active Euthanasia. Some of the different types may seem more ethical and socially acceptable than the others. Voluntary Euthanasia is when a competent person makes a voluntary and enduring request to be helped to die. â€Å"I can agree with lots of Professor David Richmond’s assertions about social issues and age but he seems to miss the main point of voluntary euthanasia- it is for terminally ill, or those suffering an irreversible and unbearable condition (SundayStar). † This type of Euthanasia, unlike the other two, seems much more ethical and socially acceptable because the person is actually alert and aware of their disease and aware of their own quality of life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Issue and Ethical Values of Euthanasia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reasons for an individual to make this decision could be that they are in extreme pain or their quality of life is low. Others beg to differ; some believe that a person should not make these decisions especially most religious individuals because they believe that the decision is solely up to a higher power rather than oneself. Involuntary Euthanasia is to end a person’s life without their knowledge or consent which seems to be rather unethical, and morally wrong. However, in this case, the individual is more than likely unable to make this decision because they are connected to breathing machines and life support keeping them alive. In some cases, these types of individuals could completely turn around and recover without life support keeping them alive, unfortunately that is not always the case for many. So, a decision must be made by the family members and doctors caring for them. Active euthanasia is to end a person’s life by use of drugs, whether by oneself or with the aid of a physician. In this case, the individual may have a terminal illness and makes the decision of a lethal injection since the quality of life is so low. â€Å"A well-known example of active euthanasia was the death of a terminally ill patient in Michigan. Dr. Kevorkian videotaped himself administering a lethal medication to him and was found guilty of second-degree murder and went to prison (Dictionary). † This case caused so much controversy since the man was terminally ill and made the decision to end his pain. In the newspaper article from â€Å"The Gazette,† released information about how there would only be very few doctors willing to assist in active euthanasia. â€Å"Only one in five doctors surveyed by the Canadian Medical Association said they would be willing to perform euthanasia if the practice were legalized in this country. Twice as many -42 percent- said they would refuse to do so (The Gazette). † The social issue and ethical outlook on euthanasia has a lot in common with the ethical theory of Utilitarianism. John Stuart Mill is mainly associated with this theory. â€Å"The theory of Utilitarianism holds that the right action ethically is the one that will go the farthest toward increasing happiness for the community as a whole† (South University). It seems that euthanasia goes hand in hand with this ethical theory because the overall decision is based soley on what makes the individual happier, laying in bed with absolutely no quality of life, or choosing to end the pain and misery. In contrast, the ethical theory of Deontology has no similarities to the topic of euthanasia since Deontology focuses more on the duty of an individual. â€Å"For example, if a person were suicidal, the Golden Rule would tell other people to kill people because that is what the suicidal person would like them to do to him or her. However, the categorical imperative tells us that the maxim of such an action is logically untenable because everyone would end up dead and there would be no moral beings left at all